| Taxa: |
| Order: |
| Family: |
| Aves |
| Passeriformes |
| Icteridae |
| NatureServe Global Rank: |
| NatureServe State (NC) Rank: |
| G5 |
| S5B,S5N |
| Federal Status: |
| NC State Status: |
| --- |
| --- |
| Land Unit |
| US Fish & Wildlife Service |
| US Forest Service |
| US National Park Service |
| US Department of Defense |
| NC State Parks |
| NC University System |
| NC Wildlife Res. Com. |
| NC Forest Service |
| NC Div. of Coastal Mgmt. |
| Local Governments |
| Non-Governmental Org. |
| Other Public Lands |
| Private Lands |
| GAP Status 1-2 |
| All Protected Lands |
| Statewide |
| Hectares |
| 7,208.01 |
| 11,742.12 |
| 47,174.76 |
| 6,152.94 |
| 2,509.92 |
| 1,238.22 |
| 19,992.42 |
| 2,779.83 |
| 310.95 |
| 690.66 |
| 2,273.13 |
| 2,455.20 |
| 3,791,897.82 |
| 18,883.44 |
| 102,874.05 |
| 3,896,425.98 |
| Acres |
| 17,811.38 |
| 29,015.40 |
| 116,571.35 |
| 15,204.24 |
| 6,202.15 |
| 3,059.71 |
| 49,402.34 |
| 7,142.65 |
| 768.37 |
| 1,706.66 |
| 5,617.03 |
| 6,066.93 |
| 9,369,981.75 |
| 46,935.53 |
| 254,480.81 |
| 9,628,549.95 |
| % of Dist. on |
| Prot. Lands |
| 7.0 % |
| 11.4 % |
| 45.8 % |
| 6.0 % |
| 2.4 % |
| 1.2 % |
| 18.6 % |
| 2.7 % |
| 0.3 % |
| 2.1 % |
| 2.1 % |
| 1.8 % |
| < 0.1 % |
| 18.4 % |
| ----- |
| ----- |
| % of Dist. on |
| All Lands |
| 0.2 % |
| 0.3 % |
| 1.2 % |
| 0.2 % |
| < 0.1 % |
| < 0.1 % |
| 0.5 % |
| < 0.1 % |
| < 0.1 % |
| < 0.1 % |
| < 0.1 % |
| < 0.1 % |
| 97.3 % |
| 0.5 % |
| ----- |
| ----- |
|
Common throughout the state except in the high elevations of the mountains (Potter et al. 1980). Found in open, unwooded areas covered with grass or other herbaceous growth (Skutch 1996), but is not sensitive to the density of the vegetation (Nicholson 1997). Such habitats include meadows, pastures, large lawns, fields, roadsides, and grasslands (Potter et al. 1980). Nests on the ground, often in a small depression, among concealing vegetation which is arched over the nest (Skutch 1996). Males sing from fences, telephone lines, and isolated trees (Nicholson 1997). Gleans insects from the surface of or beneath the ground (Skutch 1996). NATURE SERVE GLOBAL HABITAT COMMENTS: Grasslands, savanna, open fields, pastures, cultivated lands, sometimes marshes. In southeastern Arizona, avoided recently burned grassland habitats (Southwest. Nat. 37:73). Nests on the ground in concealing herbage. |
| Code | Name | Description | NC Natural Heritage Program Equivalent |
| 371 | Maritime Grasslands | Dune grass community consisting of sea oats and beach grasses. | Dune grass, Maritime dry grassland |
| 42 | Xeric Longleaf Pine | Sandhills including a range of longleaf pine density from predominantly wiregrass, scrub oak dominated to true longleaf pine woodland. This does not include mesic or saturated flatwood types. | Xeric Sandhill Scrub, Pine/Scrub Oak Sandhill, Coastal Fringe Sandhill |
| 180 | Agricultural Crop Fields | Farm fields used for row crops. | No equivalent |
| 205 | Agricultural Pasture/Hay and Natural Herbaceous | Farm fields used for pasture grass or hay production, as well as old fields dominated by native and exotic grasses. | No equivalent |
| 202 | Residential Urban | Includes vegetation interspersed in residential areas. Includes lawns, mixed species woodlots, and horticultural shrubs. Vegetation accounts for between 20 - 70% of the cover. | No equivalent |
|
Knapton, R. W. 1988. Nesting success in higher for polygynously mated females than for monogamously mated females in the eastern meadowlark. Auk 105:325-329.
Ehrlich, P.R., D.S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye. 1992. Birds in jeopardy:the imperiled and extinct birds of the United States and Canada, including Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 259 pp. Peterjohn, B.G., J.R. Sauer, and W.A. Link. 1994. The 1992 and 1993 summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Bird Populations 2:46-61. Nicholson CP. 1997. Atlas of the breeding birds of Tennessee. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Dickerman, R. W. 1989. Notes on STURNELLA MAGNA in South America with a description of a new subspecies. Bull. Br. Ornothol. Club 109:160-162. Lanyon, W. E. 1957. The comparative biology of the meadowlarks (STURNELLA) in Wisconsin. Nuttall. 66 pp. Bent, A.C. 1958. Life histories of North American blackbirds, orioles, tanagers, and their allies. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 211. Washington, DC. Harrison, C. 1978. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, Cleveland, Ohio. Harrison, H.H. 1979. A field guide to western birds' nests. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 279 pp. Potter, E. F., J. F. Parnell, and R. P. Teulings. 1980. Birds of the Carolinas. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 408 pp. Terres, J.K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU), Committee on Classification and Nomenclature. 1983. Check-list of North American Birds. Sixth Edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. Hilty, S.L., and W.L. Brown. 1986. A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 836 pp. Ridgely, R.S., and G. Tudor. 1989. The birds of South America. Vol. 1. The Oscine passerines. Univ. Texas Press, Austin. 516 pp. Stiles, F.G., and A.F. Skutch. 1989. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Comstock Publ. Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 511 pp. Droege, S., and J.R. Sauer. 1990. North American Breeding Bird Survey, annual summary, 1989. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 90(8). 22 pp. Sibley, C.G., and B.L. Monroe. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. xxiv + 1111 pp. |
For more information please contact them at:
NC-GAP Analysis Project
Dept. of Zoology, NCSU
Campus Box 7617
Raleigh, NC 27695-7617
(919) 513-2853
www.basic.ncsu.edu/ncgap